Controlling means for electrical apparatus



Dec. 13, 1927.

P. A. TOPPER ICONTROLLING MEANS FOR ELECTRICAL APPARATUS Filed March 16, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 T. a .w M, w 0 m m Y, B KN m Sm 5 3 Is r QN m NW ATTORNEY.

P. A. TOPPER CONTROLLING MEANS FOR ELECTRICAL APPARATUS Dec. 13, 1927.

2 Shegts-Sheet 2 Filed March 16, 1925 INVEyl'OR.

ATTORNEY.

Patented Dec. 13, 1927.

Letizia UNITE s'r 'rss Parser orrice.

' PIUS A. TOPPER, F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR T0 BILL AND COLLIITS CO., OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A COBZPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

COll'lROLLING MEANSS ESP ELECTRIGAL APPARATUS.

Application filed March 16, 1825. Sielial No. 15,852.

My invention relates broadly to means for controlling the operation of electrical appalatus. The invention is capable of general application and may be employed in connection with motors and generators. I have shown the same herein as employed in connection with adirect current shunt motor for the purpose of causing the motor to operate at a predetermined rate of speed under 1 variable load conditions. As indicated however the invention is applicable to and is adapted to be employed in connection with alternating current slip ring motors and may also be employed in connection with two or Iii more shunt motors f r maintaining the same at synchronous speed regardless of varying load conditions.

The general object of the invention is to provide novel means whereby the speed of a motor is maintained at a constant rate under varying load conditions.

It is also an object of the invention to pro vide novel means whereby upon a variation of the back electromotive force of a motor the resistance conditions of the armature circuit are changed so as to re-establish normal conditions of operation under which the armature of the motor is rotated at the predetermined speed required.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel construction of regulating or controlling means which normally is inactive but which upon a variation in the speed of rotation of the armature of the motor is caused to operate to recondition the supply line whereby the speed of rotation of the motor armature is returned to normal.

A further object of the invention is to provide a controlling device having means whereby upon variation of the load conditions upon a motor to cause a change in the speed of rotation of the armature thereof means is actuated to vary the condition of the main circuit leading to the motor armature whereby the speed of rotation of the latter is returned to normal.

Other objects of the invention will be pointed out in the detailed description thereof which follows or will be apparent therefrom.

In order that the invention may be readily understood reference should be had to the accompanying drawings in which I have il" lustrated certain convenient forms of em bodiment of the invention.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic View of an apparatus embodying the invention; and

Fig. 2 is a similar view comprisingcertain supplemental features of construction.

Referring to the drawings: 1 and Q'designate the main supply lines for supplying current to the apparatus. the line l'being positive and the line 2 negative. A switch 3 controls the flow of current from these lines into the apparatus. A further control is effected by means of a magnetic switch de vice a which is adapted to be controlled by a switch 5. The line 1 has connection through the magnetic switch 4- with a line 8 which is connected with an armature resistance 9 comprising contacts 10, a resist ance wire 11 and connections 12 between the said contacts and adjacent opposing portions of the resistance 11. The contacts 10 are adapted to be connected through a movable bar 13 with a contact bar 14. The latter is connected by means of a conducting wire 15 with a second armature resistance 16 having contacts 17 and a resistance wire 18. The contacts 17 are separately connected to the resistance wire 18 by means of connecting wires 19. An adjustable connecting bar 20 is adapted to contact at one end with the contacts 17 and at its opposite end slidably with a bar 21 the upper end of which is connected by means of a conductor 22 and a con tact23 with the armature of a. motor 25. Current having passed through the armature is conducted therefrom through the contact 26 and conducting lines 2'? and 28 to the negative side 2 of the main supply lines. Full line voltage is supplied to the shunt field 28 of the motor 27 through the line 29 having connection at 30 to the positive sideof the main line supply. The opposite side of the shunt field is connected by a line 31 to the line 27 having connection with the negative. side of the line. supply.

It may be assumed that with the parts as thus far described positioned as'shown it is desired that the armature of the motor 25 shall rotate at a constant speed under varying load conditions. In order to accomplish that desired end I have provided a regulator or regulating means to which I shall now refer in detail.

The said regulator or regulating means comprises a bar 35,, of metal, which is adapted to be magnetized and about which are ill by a connecting Wound two coils 36 and 37 in opposite directions so that the eifects of current flowing therethrough may be employed to control the speed of rotation of the armature ot' the motor under conditions stated.

The coil 36 is connected at one end by means of a conductor 38 with a conductor 89 having connection at 40 with the conducting line 8 The opposite end of the coil 36 is connected by means of a conductor 41 to the line 22 at 42. It will be seen, therefore, that the terminals of the coil 86am connected in shunt across the entire armature resistance of the apparatus. i

The coil 37 is connected at one end by means oi a conductor 43 to the line 39 and at its opposite end is connected by a conductor let: to a rheostat d5 which in turn is con. nected through the conductor 46 movable contact 427 and conductor 48 with the negative side of the line at 49. The conductor 43 is provided with a coil 50 which extends around the angular bar 51 in a direction such that the depending pivoted armature is at all times of positive polarity; likewise the conductor 44: is provided with a coil 53 which extends around the angular bar 54 in a direction such to cause the depending pivoted armature 56 to be always of a posi tive polarity.

The bar is provided at its opposite ends with pins 58 0t insulating material with which the lower ends of the conducting members 59 and (50 are in contact. The upper ends of these members are connected to a conductor (ll which in turn is connected by a conductor 62 to the positive line 39 previously referred to. The presence of the pins 58 prevents contact of the conducting members 59 and (S0 with the opposite ends of the bar Located in alinen'ient with said bar and in spaced relation to the opposite ends thereof are bars or blocks 63 and 64 of n'ia netic metah such as iron, against the inner ends of which. the armatures 52 and 56 are normally in contact, as shoWn. For the purpose of adjusting the bar 20 so as to vary its position with respect to the contacts 17 and the contact bar 21 I have mounted the said bar 20 upon a nut (35 which is in screw threaded. engagement with a rotatable shaft (56. The said shaft is provided upon its lower end with a bevel gear 67 with which a bevel pinion 68 is in engagen'lent. The said pinionis mounted upon the armature shaft of a motor-69, the shunt field of which is indicated at 70. One side of the field 7 O is connected to the line 23$) While the opposite side thereof is connected to a conducting line 71'which in turn is connected conductor 72 to the nega tive side oi. the current supply line. Current for causing operation of the motor (39 is adapted to be supplied to the armature thereof through the conductors 7st and 75.

At its outer end the conductor 7% has connection at 76 to a conductor 77 one end of which is connected to one member '78 ot' a switch structure while the opposite end thereof is connected to one member 79 of another switch structure The outer end of: the conductor is connected to a conductor 80 one end of which is connected to the member 81 ot the first named switch structure, while the opposite end oi? said conductor is connected to the member 82 of the second named switch structure. The switch '"ructures comprising the members 78 and 81, and 79 and 82 are adapted to be actuated by the energizing of iron bars or cores 83 and These bars are energized by the passage of current through coils 85 and 86 which extend around the same. One end of one of these coils is connected by a conductor 87 to one end ot the other coil. Said conductor is connected by means of aconductor S8 to the line 71 which in turn is connected to the negative side oi the line. The opposite end of the coil 85 is connected by a conductor 90 to the angular bar or member previously referred to, while the opposite end of the other of said coils is connected by a conductor 91 to the angular bar or member 51.

Upon energizing of the bar 83 the switch structure, comprising the members 78 and 81., is switched so that the member 78 contacts with one end of a conductor 92 while the member 81 contacts with one end of a conductor 98. It current should flow through the coil 86 to energize the bar or core Slthe switch structure comprising the members 79 and would be switched or adjusted so as to cause the member 79 to contact with the opposite end of the conductor 93 while the member would be caused to contact with the oppositeend of the conductor 92. The conductor 92 is connected by a conductor 95 to the positive line 39 while the conductor 93 is connected by the conductor 96 to the negative line 71.

ll ith the switch structiu'e just described in the positions shown it apparentthat the motor at 69 inactive and that no mow ment of the movable or adjustable contact bar 20 is taking place. It should be noted 'lGl'Q that the rheostat if and other parts (it the apparatus are adjusted so as to eilect rotation of the armature oil? the motor 25 at some desired speed than its full rated speed and so that the strengths oi. the currents flowing through the coils 3-; and 37 are the same. As long as there is no variation in the load imposed upon the armature of the motor 25 and consequently no change in the conditions of operation the parts will remain in the position as shown in the d rawings, but assume that the load imposed upon the armature shaft should be increased so as to increase the resistance to be overcome till Lil)

by the motor thereby causing a decrease in the speed of rotatioin such decrease will result in a decrease in the number oflines of force out by the armature windings with. the result that the back electro-motive force or the motor will be decreased. A decrease in the back electro-motive force causes an increase in the voltage drop across the armature resista cc and a consequent increase in the armature 56 is maintained at all times positive or oi north polarity. .l t follows therefore that the armature G not only attractive toward the adjacent end of the bar 35, which is or south polarity, but is also repelled by the north polarity upon the adjacent end of the bar or block (i l. Movement of the armature 56 toward the left causes it to contact with the conductor 60. Upon contact being made between the armature 56 and the conductor 60 current will liow from the line 39 through 62., (31', 60, fi l. 90, the coil 85 line 8? and line 88 to the conductor line 71 and thence to the negative side of the supply line. Flow of current through the coil 85 actuates the switch structure comprising the members 78 and 81 so as ta cause the said members to contact respectively with the ends of the conductors 92 and 93. Such contact having been made current will flow from the line 39 through the conductors 95 and 92, switch member 78, thence through the conductors 7? and 74 to the armature oi? the motor 69 and from the latter through the conductor 75 to the conductor 80 to the switch member 81, the conductor 93 and through the conductor 96 to the line 71 and thence to the negative side of the sup ply line. the armature of the motor (39 causes rotation of the former to elii'ect rotation oil the menu her 66 in a direction to adjust the adjustable contact bar in a direction to cut out resistance so to reduce the voltage drop between the conductor 8 and the point 4-2. Movement or adjustment oi the bar 20 will continue until magnetic balance between the coils and 3? is restored.

until the bar is without magnetic effect.

It the load imposed upon the armature shaft should he would rotate at greater speed and consequently would increase the back electro-motive force thereby causing a less flow of cur rent through the armature and also causing a drop in voltage between the line 8 and the '35, 63 and 84-.

Passage ol the current through In other words, such ad ustment ot the bar 20 is continued decreased the armature point 42. Such a change in the conditions decreases the'liow of current through the coil 36 below the normal flow threthrough so that the fixed current which flows through the coil 37 becomes greater than that which flows through the coil 86, with the result that the bar becomes magnetized with the left hand end thereof of south polarity. Such left hand end being of south polarity the armature 52 is caused. to contact with the conducting member Upon contact of the armature with the member 59 current. flows from 39 through 62, 61,59, I31, 91, coil 86 and conductor 88 to the line 71. Flow ol current through'the coil. 86 .iuagnetizies the bar 84-. and shifts the switch comprising the members 7:) and. into position with the said members in contact respectively with the adjacent ends of the condlwtors 9:3 and 92. The switch comprising the lllLlHlJClS 7i) and 82 having been thus shifted current is aused to [low through the armature of the motor 69 in a direction opposite to that as nreviously described, with the result that the shaft 66 is rotated in an opposite direc tion so as to move the contact bar 20 in a (li-- rection to cut in resistance and thereby increase the voltage drop between the lim- 8 and the point 42. As in the previous case, this operation will continue until the original voltage drop value is restored between the points 8 and 42 which will restore magnetic balance between the coils 36 and Ill to e'i'li'eet de-ener gizing of the cores or bars The armature 52 returns to its original or normal position as shown in the drawings and the apparatus continues to operate at the predetermined speed as desired.

It will be understood that the rheostat may be adjusted so that currents of different strengths or values will flow through the coil 37 thereby requiring currents of d'il'le ent strengths or values to flow through the coil 36 to counterbalance the variations in magnetism produced in the core 135 by variations in the strl-ingth of current which. may llow through the coil 37 depending upon the adjustment of the rheostat.

In cases where the controlling devices are set so as to provide for low speed ot operation of the armature of the motor 25 it may be desirable, it not necessary, in starting the motor against heavy loads from rest to cause it to exert the full force of which it is capable to cut out the armature resistance means or elements. By doing this the start ing; of the motor will be facilitated. In order to cut out resistance and also to cut out the controller or controlling means hereinbetore described I have provided a switch 100 which is adapted to be closed to cause current to flow from the line 8 through a line 101 to a magnetic switch at 1.02 and from the latter through a line 103 and the ill) switch :100 to the negative side of the main supply line. T he energizing of the switch 102 causes movement of a movable contact member 1- into contact with a contactn'ieiuher 105 having connection with the line and also into contact with one end of a conducting line 106 :tor supplying current to a coil 107. The opposite end 01 the coil is connected to a conducting line 108 having coi'inectiou at its outer end with the negative side ot the main supply line. The movable contact member 10-1. also contacts with the contact member l7 previously referred to to disengage or dis-connect the same he iii 1 41 8 thzueby d upting or breale l ircuit iuciluding the rheoutat 15 to which 11310101100 has been previously made. lipou contact of the contact me mer 101 with the contact 105 the circuit through the armature ot' the motor 525 is completed through the line 8, the armature resistance 9, the bar .13, a portion oi? the line 15, thence through the magnetic switch 102, and the conduct-or line 109 to the armature of the motor 25. 11h such time however, current flows through the coil 107 as a result oi which the slidable or adjustable contact bar 12-3 is caused to move upwardly so as to cut out the resistance element of the arn'iature resist nce 9 so that immediately the motor caused to exert the full torque 01 which it may be capable.

The motor having been started the switch 100 may be opened, whereupon the parts resume the normal. condition for which they have ocen for operating the motor at a. elected constant speed less than its rated need.

I lit. 1

llesistz'uice discharge means 110 and 111 are provided between the terminals or 0pposite ends oi the coils and 37.

The means as thus liar described for controlling the operation olf a motor and for maintaining the rotation of the armature thereol predetern'iined or selected constunt satisfactory in cases where the variations in load conditions and consequently speeds of rotation are relatively small, but in cases where the changes are relatively great it desirable that means he provided whereby normal conditions-of operat i may be brought about quickly.

It will be apparent from what has been said already that in the case of a change in load conditions and a consequent change in the speed of rotation of the armature of the motor from the speed selected it is necessary that the adjustable member 20 move through the necessary distance with respect to the armature resistance 16 in one direction or the other in order to effectreturn of the armature ot the motor to normal speed conditions. If the change in speed. has been great the :uljustment ot' the part 20 may require a considerable period of time. In

the meantime harmful results may have ensued. lit is desirable, therefore, that means he provided for effecting a quick return of the apparatus to normal conditions of oporation. in Fig. 2 or the drawings, in ad dition to the mechanism or means shown in Fig. 1, l have also shown additional or supplemental mechanism or means by the employment of which the speed of rotation of the armature of the motor ma' be returned to the normal or selected speed quichly without waiting for the adjustment ()1? the adjustahle contact bar 20 to be ettccted. The additional mechanism or means comprises a bar 11.5 of iron or other suitahle metal about which a coil 116 is wound, said coil being interposed between the coil )0 and the coil 57'. The upper end of the bar 115 terminates a distance from one end o i the bar previously re't'erred to and described. livoted to the upper end of the bar 115 is an armature 117 which rests upon a metal bar or blocl: 118. At the opposite end or the controlling means a. second bar 120 is provided about which a coil 121 is wound. This coil is located between the opposite end of the coil 37 and the coil 53 prtwiously referred to. The upper end of the bar 120 terminates in adjacent relation to the opposite end 01 the bar of the controller. Pivoted to the upper end of the bar 1 0 is an arn'iature 122 which rests upon an iron bar or block 123. The coils 116 and 121 are wound in directions about the bars and to cause the armatures 117 and 122 to be at all times positive or of north polarity.

In order to prevent the armature 117 from contactingwith the bar 35 when the latter is 01 south polarity I have provided a fiber pin 1221 the lower end 01? which projects a distance from the bar In case of upwa d movcn'lent of the armature 117 it contacts with the lower end of the said pin and not with the bar 35. I have provided a ring 1 5 of insulating material about the bar 35 adjacent its opposite end upon which ring I have mounted a metal ring with which the arn'iature is adapted to contact. Movement of the armature 122 takes place toward the adjacent end portion of the bar when it is negative or of south polarity.

It will be noted that the weight of the arn'iatures 117 and 122 must be overcon'ie in order to eflect movement thereof toward the adjacent end portions of the bar A greater force therefore, is required to cause movement of the armatures 117 and 122 than is required to effect movement of the armaturcs and 56. From this it follows that when there are only slightvariations in the speed of rotation of the armature of the motor 25 return to normal selected speed is ell ected as a result of the movement of either the armature 52 or 56 depending upon conditions without in any way affecting the armatures 1i? and 122. If, however, the change in the speed of rotation of the armature of the motor is great a greater amount of current flows through the one or the other of the coils 2315 and with the result that the magnetic field sin-rounding the opposite end portions of the bar is of suflicient strength to cause movement of the arma" tures 11.? or 122. 11s to which of the said arunutures will be moved will depend upon whether the speed of rotation of the armature of the motor 25 has been decreased or increased. llhat arniature which is adjacent an end of the bar which is negative or of south polarity will be moved.

it will be noted that the bar or block of iron 118 connected by aconductor 128 to the metal co itact ring 126 and also that the conductor 1.22 is connected by a conductor line 12$ to the positive line previously referred to.

The bar 11:) connected by a conductor '31) to a magnetic switch 131. Connection made from the latter through lines 1512 and 133 to the negative line 71 previously referred to. The magnetic switch S1 is normally closed.

The bar 120 is connected by a conductor line 134: to a n'iagnetic switch 135 which is normally open. The said switch connccted by conductor lines 136 and 133 to the negative line Tl which has connection with the uegatii 3 side of the supply line.

Upon completion or closing of the circuit through the i'uagnetic switch 135 the contact iueiul er thereof is caused to move into con: t with a contact member to which the ucctcd. which line leads from the conducting line n'eviously referred to. As already iui-hcatcd, the magnetic switch 131 is normally closed that current flows through the line 15, the resistance 16, adjustable bar 20, stationary contact bar 21, line 138, through the magnetic switch 131, and thence through the line 139 and a portion of the line 109 to one of the brush contacts of the armature of the motor 25 and thence through the line 27 to the negative side of the supply line. The switch 135 is also connected by a line 1 10 to the line 109 at 141 If the load should be greatly increased so as to cause a great decrease in the speed. of rotation of the armature of the motor 25 a great increase in the flow of current through the coil 86 will result. Such increase in current being very much greater than the current which flows through the coil 37 the right hand end of the bar 35 will become negative or of south polarity. The change of load under the assumption having been greatly increased it will follow that the strength of the magnetic field ad jacent or surrounding the right hand end of iccnt end of a conducting line 18? is con' the bar 35 will be of a strength sufficient to cause movement not only of the armature 56 into contact with the member 60 but will also cause movement of the armature 122 into contact with the contact ring 126. The contact of the armature 122 with the ring completes the circuit through the line 129, a portion of the line 128, the armature 122, the bar 120, the line 13 1, magnetic switch 135, and thence through the lines 136, 133 and to the negative side of the main supply line. Passage of the current through this circuit will effect movement of the contact member of said switch into engagement with the contact member to which the line 1.37 is connected. At this time, therefore, current will flow through the armature re stance 9, the bars 13 and let, a portion of the line 15, line 137, through the magnetic switch 135,1ine 1 10 and a portion ofthe line 109 to the motor 25, and thence through the line 27 to the negative side of the main supply line. It will be seen that by this means the resistance 16 previously referred to is shunted so that sufficient power is supplied to the motor to increase the speed of rotation of the armature so as to return the same at once to normal speed; In

the meantime the armature 56 having been operated the screw shaft 66 is being rotated in a direction. to cause moven'ient of the contact bar 20 in a direction 10 out out, a portion of the resistanceelement of the armature resistance 16. The armature 122 will remain in contact with the contact ring 126 until magnetic balance between the coils is very nearly restored when it will drop out, but the armature 56 willremain in contact with the part 60 until complete balance is effected. if when the armature 122 drops out of contact with the contact ring 126 the adjustable contact her 20 has not had time to reach the proper segment of the armature resistance to effect magnetic balance of the coils 36 and 37 the operation will automatically be repeated and such repetition will be effected as maybe necessary to restore complete balance between the two coils.

If, on the other hand, the load uponthe armature of the motor is decreased a reverse operation takes place; that is to say the ad justable contact'bar 20 moves in a direction to cut in resistance. the decrease in the load be great so as to permit relatively great increase in the speed of rotation, the left hand end of the bar 35 becomes nega tive or of south polarity with a field of sufficient strength to lift the armature 117 from the ironbar or block 118. Upon this occurrence the circuit through the magnetic switch 131 is interrupted or broken, in con sequence of which the movable contact member of the said switch moves into position out of contact with the adjacent contact member to which the line 138 is connected. As a result the current must flow through the entire armature resistance 16 and thence through a conducting line M2 to the line 1.09 and thence through the latter to the Inotor 25. It will be seen that such an operation operates to quickly cut in the resistance to decrease the speed of operation of the motor. At the same time the armature 52 has been moved into contact with the member 59 so that the switch comprising the members 79 and 82 is operatedv to cause operation of the motor at 69 in a direction to in turn cause rotation of the rotatable shaft 66 to etl'ect downward movement of the con tact bar 20 thereby cutting in resistance.

The armature 117 will remain in open position; that is, out of contact with the bar or block 118, until mi metic bala ce between the coils on and is very nearly restored or established, such restoration being effected. by adjustment ot the contact bar 20 in the manner as previously described. It when the :u'mature 11'? drops into con tact with the bar or block of iron 11.8 the contact bar 20 has not l ad time to reach the proper segment of the, armature resistance 16 for etlecting magnetic balance between the coils and 37 the operation will be automatically repeated and such repetition continued as often as may be necessary to restore complete balance between these coils. Complete balance having been restored the normal operation continues until another change occurs in the load conditions so as to cause a change in the speed of rotation of the armaturc oil the motor It is to be rememberedv that the arn'iatures 52, 56, 117 and 12 are at all times positive or of north polarity. It follows, therefore, that only one of the armatures of each of these couples is operated upon a change of loa d conditions or upon a change in the speed of operation of .the arniature'ot' the motor 25. The armatures' adjacent the end of the bar 35 which becomes negatively charged or of south. polarity are the ones which are operatet. The other armatures at such time being in adjacent relation to the positive end of the bar 35 not onl are not attracted toward the same but on the contrary are repelled and are more positively than ever held in position against the bars or blocks of iron with which they normally contact.

It will be seen that by my invention I have provided means which is simple, positive and eflicient in action for automatically maintaining the rotation of the armature of a motor at a constant predetermined or selected speed less than its rated speed under varying load conditions.

It will also be seen that I have provided a. controller which is simple in construction and which is caused to function by a variation in the speed of rotation oi the armature of a motor or the like to cause the speed of rotation of said armature to return to the normal selected rate desired. Although I have shown my ii'ivention as applied to a single direct current shunt motor for controlling the speed of rolai ion ot' the armature thereof, yet it will be inidcrstood that it may be employed in connection with. a plurality oi such motors arranged in co-operative relation to each other; that is, arranged to 01)- erate or handle a comi'non load. and it will be understood also that the invention is applicable to other forms of ele:tri all devices for controll ng the operation of the same, such a slip ring; alternating current motor and a voltage regulator for an alternating current generator "for the purpose 0i maintaining the same at constant voltage, etc.

Although the :u'maturcs 52, 1 q

:56. 117 and as are described as being continuously of positive or north polarity it will be understood that they may be continuousoi oi negative or south polarity provided other conditicns oithe apparatus are changed accordingly.

Havingthus described my invention, wlu I claim cut is:

l. In co'rdrolling means tor elelrical apparatus, the combination ot an armature rcsis'anec comprising an adjustable element, means for adjusting said element. a. station: ry n'aignetizable bar, two coils woxuul in opposite directions upon said bar, means for sluiplying currents of elec1ricity to said coils, the currents tlun-ethrough normally l)( ing' equal and the current through one of said coils being variable, and means interposed. between the said magnctizable bar and the said adjustableeleincnt for con trolling the operation of said element.

2. ln means for nmintainiuothe speed oi rotation of the armature of a motor at a predetermined rate under varying load conditions. the combination oi" an armature re sistance comprising an adjustable contact elen'ient. n'urans for ("llIlSlilQ nmvenu-nt oil said contact element in one direction or the other depending upon whether the speed o'i rotation of said armature is i]l(3i(!$-("fl'0l' decreased, a controller including a. nuurncti'. able bar. coils wound around said bar in oppositc directions. the said coils being included in separate circuits, and the euci' v of the currents flowing through said coils being; equal when the arnutture oi. the-motor is rotating at.theprcdetermined rate of speed selected, and the said bar adapted to bocome magnetized upon a change of the cur rent cuerin one of the said coils. armaturea located adjacent the opposite e la o'l said h said armatiures being po ivelv guetize'l at all. tim s, nd means inter- 2t and desire to secure by Letters Patment of the said adjustable cont ct element is etlecteo so that the said armature is caused to resume its predetermined selected speed oi rotation. V I

In controlling meain' for el ctrical apparatus, the combination of an electrical. device havii' g; a rotatable moral n the speed oi ivh'ich is adapted to be maintained at a precetermined constantiate, a resistance means comprising an adjustable contact member, means l'QnGGl'GCl operative upon variation of the speed of rotation of said rotatable member to ciiect adjustment of the said adjustable contact member in the required direction, and means adapted to be operated simultaneously to provide a line in shunt relation to the said resistance means for supplying current to the said electrical. device.

4-. In controlling means for electrical apparatus, the combination of a direct current shunt motor, means including armature "resistance' tor conditioning the apparatus to cause rotation of the armature of said motor at a predetermined selected rate oi speed under varying load conditions, said armature resistance including an adjustable element, means adapted to be rendered operative upon a variation in the speed ot' rotation of, the said armature to readjust theadjustable element of saio armature resistance to recondition the said apparatus to cause the said armature to resume its predetermined selected spced of rotation, and means sin'iultaneously operative to provide a line in shunt relation to said armature resistance .ior supplying current to the said armature during the period of adjustment of the said adjustable element of the armature resist ance. I

5. Means for maintaining the rotation of the rotatable element of an electrical device at a predetermined selected rate of speed, comprising, in coinliination, said rotatable element, a controller including a magnetizable bar, means for ci ecting magnetization of said bar upon a change in the speed of rotation oi the said rotatable element, the polarities out the opposite ends oil said bar depending upon Whether the speed of rotation is increased or diminished, and means adapted to be operated upon the magnetization of said bar to rause the rotatable element of said device to resume its predetermined selected speed oi rotation.

6. Means for maintaining; the rotation of the rotatable element of an electrical device at a predetermined selected rate of speed, comprising, in combination, said rotatable element, a controller including a magnetizease-so able bar, means rendered operative by a change in the rate oi speed in the rotation or said rotatable element to i'nagnetize said bar, the polarities or the opposite ends depending upon Whether the speed of rotation has increased or diminished, movable armatur s oi imrth polarity located in adjacent relation to the opposite ends of said mag;- netizable bar, and circuits controlled by the movements of said armatnres tor reconditioning the said apparatus to cause the said rotatable element to resume its predetermined selectcd speed o't rotation.

'4. Means tor maintaining the rotation oi the rotatable element ct an electrical device at a predetermined selected rate of speed, comprising controllin means having in combination a magneti. able bar, means rendered operative upon a change in the speed of rotation ot the ,aid rotatable element for magnetizing the said bar, the polarities ot the opposite ends thereof depending upon whether the speed of rotation oi said element is increased or diminished, movable armatures of north polarity located in adjacent relation to the opposite ends of the said bar, blocks of magnetizable metal located in adjacent relation to the said armatures for normally holding them away from the said magnetizablo bar, contact members interposed between the said arn'iatures and the adjacent end portions ot the said bar with which an armature is adapted to contact when it is caused to move toward an end of said bar of south polarity, circuits adapted to be closed by the nmvcn'ients oi? said an matures into contact With said contact menu hers, and means adapted to be actuated upon 'he completion of citherot said circuits to cause the said element to resume itspredetermined selected speed of rotation.

Means for maintaining,- the rotation ot a rotatable element of an electrical device at a predetermined selected speed, com ing controlling means having in combination a magnetizable bar, t vo coils oppositely wound upon said bar, means for causing a current of constant energy to flow through one of said coils, means for causing a current to flow through the other of said coils the energy of which when. the said rotatable ele ment is rotating at the Pl'BflGtClUilDell selected speed is the same as that of the, cinrent flowing through the other of said coils Whereby the magnetizing efij'ect ot the said currents is neutralized, means whereby the energy of the current flowing through the second of said coils is increased or diminished upon the increasing or diminishing of the speed of rotation of the said rotatable member Whereby the said bar becomes magnetized with the polarities at its opposite ends depending; upon Whether the speed oi rotation of the said rotatable element has been increased or diminished, movable armature supported in adjacent relation to the opposite ends of said magnetizahle bar, means tor maintaining. the said arn'iatures of north polarity, blocks of magnetizable metal supported in adjacent relation to said armatures and against which the said armatures are normally held, contact members interposed between the said arn'iatures and the adjacent end portions of the magnetizable bar, circuits including the said contact members which circuits are normally open. but which are adapted to be closed by the contact of the said arn'iaturcs therewith. when moved toward the adjacent end portion oi? the said bar, and means adapted to'be controlled by the closing of said circuits for causing the said rotatable element to he its predetermined selected speed of rotation.

9. In controlling means for electrical apparatus, the combination'of a direct current shunt motor, conducting lines for supplying current thereto, arniature resistance means for conditioning said lines to cause rotation of the arn'iatigire of said motor at a predetermined selected rate of speed, said means including an adjustable element, a magnetizable bar, a circuit supplied with current from said supply lines, said circuit including a coil wound around the said magnetizable bar and also including a rheostat for controlling and maintaining afiow of current oil. constant strength therethrough, a second circuit including a coil wound in an opposite direction around said magnetizable bar, said circuit being connected in shunt across the total arn'lature resistance whereby the current therethrough increases or diminishes dependingupon the increase or decrease of the speed of rotation of the armature of. said motor whereby the said. bar may be magnetized, the polarities of its opposite ends depending upon whether the energy of the current through the second named coil is greater or less than the energy of the current through the first named coil, movable armatures located in adjacent relation to the opre cposite ends of the said bar which arn'iatures are ol north polarity, blocks oi magnctizahle metal located in adjacent relation to said armature-s for normally holding them a gainst movement toward the adjacent end portions of the said bar, cont; cts between said armature; and the adjacent end portions of said bar, separate circuits including said contact members as parts thereof, which circuits are normally open but one or the other of which is adapted to be closed by the IllOVQlllODt of one or the said armatures depending upon whether the speed of rotation of the armature of said motor is increased or diminished, and means adapted to be controlled and actuated by the completion of maid circuits for adjusting the adjustable element of said armature resistance in a direction to cause the said armature to resume its predetermined selected speed oil rotation.

10. In controlling means for electrical apparat us, the combination of a motor, an iron core, a couple of coi'ls thereon wound in ditferent directions, means for providing an electric current of constant energy through one of said coils, means for providing a current of equal energy through the other 0t said coils when said motor is operating at a predetermined selected speed, means whereby the energy of the current through the last mentioned. coil is varied upon variation of the speed of operation of said motor whereby the said core is inagg'netized, the polarity of the opposite ends thereof depend ing upon whether the speed of operation ol said motor is increased or diminish-ed, and means whereby the changes in magnetization of said core, due to a variation of current energy through the said last mentioned coil. are adapted to cause the operation of said motor to return to the predetermined speed selected.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have hereunto signed 7 name this 12th day of March. A. D.. 1925.

PIUS A. TOPPER.

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